BAR

Book of Baruch Baruch, written by Attributed to Baruch, Jeremiah's scribe; unknown Jewish authors

Deuterocanonical booksProphecy Audio availableWritten c. 200-100 BC (the Letter of Jeremiah perhaps earlier)6 Chapters213 verses
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Baruch presents itself as a book read by Jeremiah's scribe to the exiles in Babylon and sent to Jerusalem. It opens with a long confession of the sins that brought about the fall of the city, continues with a poem on wisdom, which God gave to Israel as the book of his commandments, and ends with Jerusalem mourning her deported children and then being told to put on the garment of joy at their return. A sixth chapter adds the Letter of Jeremiah, a sustained mockery of the idols of Babylon.

Chapters in Baruch

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Outline of Baruch

1The Book Read in Babylon

Baruch reads his book to Jechonias and the exiles, who send money and the temple vessels to Jerusalem and begin their confession.

2The Confession of the Exiles

Israel admits that it ignored the prophets and earned the curses of the law, and recalls God's promise of return and of an everlasting covenant.

3Where Wisdom Is Found

After the end of the prayer, a poem asks where wisdom lies: not with the mighty or the wise of the nations, but with God, who gave her to Jacob.

4-5Jerusalem Comforts Her Children

Wisdom is the law; Jerusalem mourns her exiled sons as a widow, then is told to rise, put on glory and watch them come home.

6The Letter of Jeremiah

Jeremiah warns the deportees not to fear the idols of Babylon, which cannot speak, move, save or bless.

Key Themes in Baruch

Honest Confession

The exiles do not blame Babylon for their misfortune: 'to the Lord our God belongeth righteousness', and the shame belongs to them, their kings and their fathers.

Wisdom Given as the Law

No empire, merchant or giant could find wisdom; God alone knows her, and he has given her to Israel in the book of his commandments.

Jerusalem as Mother

The city speaks as a widow robbed of her children, then is addressed as a bride clothed in glory, a picture that carries the whole movement from grief to return.

The Emptiness of Idols

The Letter of Jeremiah prepares the exiles for Babylon's processions by showing, detail after detail, that its gods cannot even protect themselves from dust and thieves.

Key Verses in Baruch

BAR 3:9
Hear, Israel, the commandments of life: give ear to understand wisdom.

The opening of the wisdom poem, which echoes the Shema and turns from confession to instruction.

BAR 3:37
Afterward did he shew himself upon earth, and conversed with men.

In context, wisdom given to Israel dwells among men; the Church Fathers read the line as a prophecy of the Incarnation.

BAR 4:1
This is the book of the commandments of God, and the law that endureth for ever: all they that keep it shall come to life; but such as leave it shall die.

The poem's answer: the wisdom no one could find is the law God has already given.

BAR 5:1
Put off, O Jerusalem, the garment of mourning and affliction, and put on the comeliness of the glory that cometh from God for ever.

The turning point of the book, from a city in mourning to a city clothed in glory for her children's return.

BAR 6:73
Better therefore is the just man that hath none idols: for he shall be far from reproach.

The last word of the Letter of Jeremiah, after seventy verses of mockery: the faithful have nothing to envy in Babylon's gods.

Characters in Baruch

Locations in Baruch

Christ in Baruch

Wisdom Living Among Men

Baruch says that wisdom 'conversed with men'; John says that the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us, and early Christian writers often read the two together.

JHN 1:14

Who Has Gone Up to Heaven?

Baruch's questions about going up to heaven or over the sea to fetch wisdom draw on Deuteronomy 30; Paul uses the same passage to say that the word is near, in Christ.

ROM 10:6-8

Every Hill Made Low

The levelling of hills and valleys for the return of the exiles echoes Isaiah 40, which the Gospels apply to John the Baptist preparing the way of the Lord.

LUK 3:4-6

An Idol Is Nothing

The Letter of Jeremiah's long proof that idols are no gods stands behind Paul's calm statement that an idol is nothing in the world and there is one God.

1CO 8:4-6

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